When you arrive in Amsterdam, you can buy a cheap mobile telephone. You don’t need a telephone contract. There are many telephone shops in Amsterdam were you could buy a prepaid phone. This means you just buy a mobile telephone together with for example 20 euros of credit. The mobile telephone will only cost you approx 40 euros. This is all ways cheaper then using your own phone here because you will be heavily charged for receiving calls outside of The Netherlands.
There a quite a few telephone providers e.g. Vodafone,KPN,Orange,Telfort,T-Mobile.
However, if you stay long term like an Expat I would recommend taking a telephone contract.